Interpretation |
InterpretationConstitution of Bahamas
CHAPTER X
INTERPRETATION
Interpretation.
137.- (1) In this Constitution, unless it is otherwise provided or required by the context-
"Act" or "Act of Parliament" means any law made by Parliament ;
"The Bahamas" means The Commonwealth of The Bahamas ;
"the Commonwealth" means, save as otherwise prescribed, The Bahamas, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India, Sri Lanka, Ghana, Malaysia, Nigeria, Cyprus, Sierra Leone, Malta, Zambia, The Gambia, Singapore, Guyana, Lesotho, Botswana, Barbados, Mauritius, Swaziland, Tonga, Fiji, Western Samoa, Nauru, Bangladesh and any dependency of any such country ;
"election" means an election of a member or members of the House of Assembly ;
"the Gazette" means the Official Gazette of The Bahamas;
"House" means either the Senate or the House of Assembly or both, as the context may require ;
"high judicial office" means the office of judge of a court having unlimited jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters in some part of the Commonwealth or a court having jurisdiction in appeals from any such court ;
"law" includes any instrument having the force of law and any un written rule of law,and "lawful" and "lawfully" shall be construed accordingly ;
"Minister" includes a temporary Minister appointed under Article 76 of this Constitution, except in relation to Articles 72, 73, 76 and 86 of this Constitution ;
"Minister of Finance" means the Minister, by whatever title styled, responsible for Government finance ;
"oath" includes affirmation;
"Parliament" means the Parliament of The Bahamas ;
"the Police Force" means the Police Force established in and for The Bahamas and maintained under the provisions f the Police Act 1965(a) or any law amending or replacing that Act ;
"prescribed" means provided by or under and Act of Parliament;
"public office" means, subject tot he provisions of paragraph (6) of this |
Article and Article 127 of this Constitution, any office of emolument in the
public service;
"public officer" means the holder of ny public office and includes any person appointed to act in any such office;
"the public service" means,subject to the provisions of Article 127 of this Constitution,t he service other Crown in a civil capacity in respect of the Government of The Bahamas ;
"session" means, in relation to a House, the sitting of that House commencing when it first meets after this Constitution comes into operation or after any general election or prorogation of Parliament and terminating when Parliament is prorogue or is dissolves without having been prorogue ;
"sitting" means, in relation to a House, a period during which that House is sitting continuously without adjournment and includes any period during which the House is in committee.
(2) For the purposes of this Constitution the territory of The Bahamas shall comprise all the areas that were comprised therein immediately before 10th July 1973 together with such other areas as Parliament may declare to form part thereof.
(3) For the purposes of Articles 42, 43, 48 and 49 of this Constitution-
a) "government contract" means, subject to such exception as Parliament may prescribe, any contract made with the Government of The Bahamas or with a department of that Government or with and officer of that Government contracting as such ; and
b) a person shall be deemed to be interested in a government contract if-
i) subject to such exceptions as Parliament may prescribe, he is a party to such a contract or a partner in a firm or director or manager of a company which is a party to such a contract ; or
ii) he is otherwise interested in such a contract in such manner as Parliament may prescribe.
(4) In this Constitution,unless it is otherwise provided or required by the context-
a) any reference to the date on which this Constitution comes into operation shall be construed as a reference to the appointed day referred to in section 1(2) of the Order in Council to which this Constitution is scheduled;
b) any reference to a law (which term shall, without prejudice to the definition in paragraph (1) of this Article, include an Act) shall be construed as including a reference to a law made at any time before this Constitution comes into operation ;
c) any reference to power to make appointments to any office shall be construed as including a reference to power to make appointments on promotion and transfer to that office and to power to appoint a person to act in that office during any period during which it is vacant or the holder thereof is unable (whether by reason of absence or of infirmity of body or mind or any other cause) to perform the functions of that office ;
d) any reference to the holder of an office by a term designating or describing his office shall be construed as including a reference to any person for the time being acting in that office or, tot he extent of his authority, otherwise authorized to perform the functions of that office.
(5) Where by this Constitution any person is directed, or power is conferred on any person or authority to appoint a person, to act in or otherwise to perform the functions of an office if the holder thereof is unable to perform the functions of that office, the validity of any performance of those functions by the person so directed or of any appointment in exercise of that power shall not be called in question in any court on the ground that the holder of the office id not unable to perform the functions of the office.
(6) For the purpose of this Constitution, a person shall not be considered to hold a public office by reason only that he is in receipt of a pension or other like allowance in respect of public service.
(7) References in this Constitution to the power to remove a public officer from his office shall, subject to the provisions of this Constitution, be construed as including references to any power conferred by any law to require or permit that officer to retire from the public service.
(8) Save as otherwise provided in this Constitution, any provisions of this Constitution that vests in any person or authority power to remove any public officer (other than a public officer mentioned in paragraph(9) of this Article) form his office shall be without prejudice to the power of any person or authority to abolish any office of to any law providing for the compulsory retirement of public officers generally or any class of public officer on attaining an age specified therein. (9) If any circumstances arise that, under the provisions of this Constitution, require the Governor to remove a Justice of the Supreme Court or a Justice of Appeal or the Commissioner of Police, the Deputy Commissioner of Police or the Auditor-General from office for inability to discharge the functions of his office, such removal may be carried out either by dismissing that officer or by requiring him to retire.
(10) Where any power is conferred by this Constitution to make any proclamation, order, rules or regulations or to give any direction, the power shall be construed as including a power exercisable in like manner to amend or revoke any such proclamation, order, rules, regulation or direction.
(11) Any person appointed to an office under any provisions in this Constitution may resign that office. Except as otherwise provided in this Constitution such resignation shall be made in writing to the person in whom under this Constitution the power is vested to make appointments to the office concerned.
(12) Where two or more persons are holding the same office by reason of an appointment made in pursuance of paragraph (4) of this Article, then-
a) for the purposes of any function conferred upon the holder on that office; and
b) for the purposes of any reference in this Constitution to the absence, illness or inability to perform the functions of his office of the holder of that office,
the person last appointed to the office shall be deemed to be the sole holder of the office.
(13) The Interpretation Act of The Bahamas(a) and all amendments thereto as in force on 10th July 1973 shall apply, with the necessary adaptations, for the purpose of interpreting this Constitution and otherwise in relation thereto as it applies for the purpose of interpreting and in relation to Acts of Parliament of The Bahamas.
EXPLANATORY NOTE
(This Note is not part of the Order.)
By virtue of the Bahamas Independence Act 1973, The Bahamas will attain fully responsible status within the Commonwealth on 10th July 1973, This Order makes provisions for a Constitution for The Bahamas to come into effect on that day, including provision for the legislature,the executive government, the judicature and the public service, The Constitution also contains provisions relating to citizen ship of the Bahamas and fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual.
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Constitution of Bahamas
Chapter I - The Constitution1. The State 2. The Constitution is supreme law
Chapter II - Citizenship3. Persons who become citizens on 10th July 1973 4. Persons who become citizens on 9th July 1974 5. Persons entitled to be registered as citizens 6. Persons born in The Bahamas after 9th July 1973 7. Persons born The Bahamas after 9th July 1973 of non-citizen parents 8. Persons born outside The Bahamas after 9th July 1973 9. Further provisions for persons born outside The Bahamas after 9th July 1973 10. Marriage to citizens of The Bahamas 11. Deprivation of citizenship 12. Renunciation of citizenship 14. Interpretation
Chapter III - Protection Of Fundamental Rights And Freedoms Of The Individual15. Fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual 16. Protection of right to life 17. Protection from inhuman treatment 18. Protection from slavery and forced labour 19. Protection from arbitrary arrest or detention 20. Provisions to secure protection of law 21. Protection for privacy of home and other property 22. Protection of freedom of conscience 23. Protection of freedom of expression 24. Protection of freedom of assembly and association 25. Protection of freedom of movement 26. Protection from discrimination on the grounds of race, etc. 27. Protection from deprivation of property 28. Enforcement of fundamental rights 29. Provisions for time of war or emergency 31. Interpretation
Chapter IV - The Governor-general32. Establishment of office of Governor-General 34. Deputy to Governor-General 35. Personal staff of Governor-General 36. Public Seal 37. Oaths to be taken by Governor-General
Chapter V - ParliamentPart 1 - Composition of Parliament38. Establishment of Parliament
Part 2 - The Senate40. Purpose of appointment of certain Senator 41. Qualifications for appointment as Senator 42. Disqualifications for appointments as Senator 43. Tenure of office of Senators 44. President and Vice-President 45. Determination of questions as to membership
Part 3 - House of Assembly46. Composition of House of Assembly 47. Qualifications for membership of House of Assembly 48. Disqualifications for election as members of House of Assembly 49. Tenure of office of Members of House of Assembly 50. Speaker and Deputy Speaker 51. Determination of questions as to membership
Part 4 - Powers and Procedure of Parliament52. Powers and Procedure of Parliament 54. Alteration of this Constitution 55. Regulation of procedure in Parliament 56. Presiding in the Senate and House of Assembly 57. Quorum 58. Voting 59. Introduction of Bills, etc 60. Restriction on powers of Senate as to Money Bills 61. Restriction on powers of Senate as to Bills other than Money Bills 62. Provisions relating to Articles 59, 60 and 61 63. Assent to Bills Part 5 - Summoning Prorogation and Dissolution66. Prorogation and dissolution of Parliament 67. General election, bye-elections and appointment of Senators
Part 6 - Delimitation of Constituencies68. Constituencies 70. Procedure for review of constituencies
Chapter VI - The Executive72. The Cabinet 74. Tenure of office of Ministers 75. Performance of functions of Prime Minister during absence, illness or suspension 77. Allocation of portfolios to Ministers 78. Functions of Attorney-General 79. Exercise of Governor-General's powers 80. Governor-General to be informed concerning matters of Government 83. Certain vacancies in office of Leader of the Opposition 84. Oaths to be taken by Ministers, etc 85. Leave of absence for Ministers, etc 86. Summoning of and presiding in Cabinet 87. Quorum 89. Constitution of offices, etc 91. Advisory Committee on Prerogative of Mercy 92. Functions of Advisory Committee
Chapter VII - The JudicaturePart 1 - The Supreme Court93. Establishment of Supreme Court 94. Appointment of Justices of Supreme Court 95. Acting Justices 96. Tenure of office of Justice of Supreme Court 97. Oaths to be taken by Justices of Supreme Court
Part 2 - Court of Appeal98. Establishment of Court of Appeal 99. Justices of the Court of Appeal 100. Other arrangements for appeals 101. Acting Justices of Court of Appeal 102. Tenure of office of Justices of Appeal 103. Oaths to be taken by Justices of Appeal
Part 3 - Appeals to Court of Appeal and Her Majesty in Council104. Appeals relating to fundamental rights and freedoms 105. Appeals to Her Majesty in Council in other cases 106. Interpretation of "Court of Appeal
Chapter VIII - The Public ServicePart 1 - The Public Service Commission107. Establishment and composition of Public Officers
Part 2 - Appointments etc. of Public Officers108. Appointments, etc. of public officers 109. Appointments of Permanent Secretaries and certain other public officers 110. Delegation of Governor-General's powers 111. Appointments, etc. of principal representatives of The Bahamas abroad 112. Appointments on transfer in respect of certain offices 113. Appointment of Secretary to the Cabinet
Part 3 - The Public Service Board of Appeal114. Public Service Board of Appeal 115. Appeals in discipline cases
Part 4 - The Judicial and Legal Service Commission116. Establishment and composition of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission 117. Appointments, etc. of judicial and legal officers
Part 5 - The Police Service Commission118. Establishment and composition of the Police Service Commission 119. Appointment of Commissioner of Police and other officers of the Police Force 120. Removal of the Commissioner and Deputy Commissioner of Police 121. Removal and discipline of members of the Force
Part 6 - Pensions122. Protection of pension rights 123. Grant and withholding of pensions, etc 124. Appeals in respect of certain decisions affecting pensions benefits
Part 7 - Miscellaneous126. Removal from office of certain persons 127. Public Service
Chapter IX - Finance128. Consolidated Fund 129. Estimates 130. Authority for public expenditure 131. Withdrawal of money from the Consolidated Fund 132. Withdrawal of money in advance of Appropriation Act 133. Contingencies Fund 134. Public Debt 135. Remuneration of Governor-General and certain other officers 136. Establishment of office and functions of Auditor-General
Chapter X - Interpretation137. Interpretation |