Constitution of Germany

Constitution of Germany

- Laws and the constitution

Constitution of Germany - The Constitution and Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany

I. Basic Rights

Article 1: Human dignity - Human rights - Legally binding force of basic rights

Article 2: Personal freedoms

Article 3: Equality before the law

Article 4: Freedom of faith and conscience

Article 5: Freedom of expression, arts and sciences

Article 6: Marriage - Family - Children

Article 7: School system

Article 8: Freedom of assembly

Article 9: Freedom of association

Article 10: Privacy of correspondence, posts and telecommunications

Article 11: Freedom of movement

Article 12: Occupational freedom

Article 12a: Compulsory military and alternative civilian service

Article 13: Inviolability of the home

Article 14: Property - Inheritance - Expropriation

Article 15: Socialisation

Article 16: Citizenship - Extradition

Article 16a: Right of asylum

Article 17: Right of petition

Article 17a: Restriction of basic rights in specific instances

Article 18: Forfeiture of basic rights

Article 19: Restriction of basic rights - Legal remedies

II. The Federation and the Länder

Article 20: Constitutional principles - Right of resistance

Article 20a: Protection of the natural foundations of life and animals

Article 21: Political parties

Article 22: Federal capital - Federal flag

Article 23: European Union - Protection of basic rights - Principle of subsidiarity

Article 24: Transfer of sovereign powers - System of collective security

Article 25: Primacy of international law

Article 26: Securing international peace

Article 27: Merchant fleet

Article 28: Land constitutions - Autonomy of municipalities

Article 29: New delimitation of the federal territory

Article 30: Sovereign powers of the Länder

Article 31: Supremacy of federal law

Article 32: Foreign relations

Article 33: Equal citizenship - Public service

Article 34: Liability for violation of official duty

Article 35: Legal and administrative assistance and assistance during disasters

Article 36: Personnel of federal authorities

Article 37: Federal execution

III. The Bundestag

Article 38: Elections

Article 39: Electoral term - Convening

Article 40: Presidency - Rules of procedure

Article 41: Scrutiny of elections

Article 42: Public sittings - Majority decisions

Article 43: Right to require presence, right of access and right to be heard

Article 44: Committees of inquiry

Article 45: Committee on the European Union

Article 45a: Committees on Foreign Affairs and Defence

Article 45b: Parliamentary Commissioner for the Armed Forces

Article 45c: Petitions Committee

Article 45d: Parliamentary Control Panel

Article 46: Immunities of Members

Article 47: Right of refusal to give evidence

Article 48: Candidature - Protection of membership - Remuneration

IV. The Bundesrat

Article 50: Functions

Article 51: Composition - Weighted voting

Article 52: President - Decisions - Rules of procedure

Article 53: Attendance of members of the Federal Government

IVa: The Joint Committee

Article 53a: Composition - Rules of procedure

V. The Federal President

Article 54: Election - Term of office

Article 55: Incompatibilities

Article 56: Oath of office

Article 57: Substitution

Article 58: Countersignature

Article 59: Representation of the Federation for the purposes of international law

Article 60: Appointment of civil servants - Pardon - Immunity

Article 61: Impeachment before the Federal Constitutional Court

VI. The Federal Government

Article 62: Composition

Article 63: Election of the Federal Chancellor

Article 64: Appointment and dismissal of Federal Ministers - Oath of office

Article 65: Power to determine policy guidelines - Department and collegiate responsibility

Article 65a: Command of the Armed Forces

Article 66: Incompatibilities

Article 67: Vote of no confidence

Article 68: Vote of confidence

Article 69: Deputy Federal Chancellor - Term of office

VII. Federal Legislation and Legislative Procedures

Article 70: Division of powers between the Federation and the Länder

Article 71: Exclusive legislative power of the Federation

Article 72: Concurrent legislative powers

Article 73: Matters under exclusive legislative power of the Federation

Article 74: Matters under concurrent legislative powers

Article 76: Bills

Article 77: Legislative procedure - Mediation Committee

Article 78: Passage of federal laws

Article 79: Amendment of the Basic Law

Article 80: Issuance of statutory instruments

Article 80a: State of tension

Article 81: Legislative emergency

Article 82: Certification - Promulgation - Entry into force

VIII. The Execution of Federal Laws and the Federal Administration

Article 83: Execution by the Länder

Article 84: Länder administration - Federal oversight

Article 85: Execution by the Länder on federal commission

Article 86: Federal administration

Article 87: Matters

Article 87a: Armed Forces

Article 87b: Federal Defence Administrationn

Article 87c: Production and utilisation of nuclear energy

Article 87d: Air transport administration

Article 87e: Rail transport administration

Article 87f: Posts and telecommunications

Article 88: The Federal Bank - The European Central Bank

Article 89: Federal waterways - Administration of waterways

Article 90: Federal roads and motorways

Article 91: Internal emergency

VIIIa: Joint Tasks

Article 91a: Joint tasks - Responsibility for expenditure

Article 91b: Education programmes and promotion of research

Article 91c: Information technology systems

Article 91d: Comparison of performance

Article 91e: Cooperation in respect of basic support for persons seeking employment

IX. The Judiciary

Article 92: Court organisation

Article 93: Jurisdiction of the Federal Constitutional Court

Article 94: Composition of the Federal Constitutional Court

Article 95: Supreme federal courts

Article 96: Other federal courts

Article 97: Judicial independence

Article 98: Legal status of judges - Impeachment

Article 99: Constitutional disputes within a Land

Article 100: Concrete judicial review

Article 101: Ban on extraordinary courts

Article 102: Abolition of capital punishment

Article 103: Fair trial

Article 104: Deprivation of liberty

X. Finance

Article 104a: Apportionment of expenditures - Financial system - Liability

Article 104b: Financial assistance for investments

Article 104c: Financial assistance for investments in municipal education infrastructure

Article 104d: Financial assistance for investments in social housing

Article 105: Distribution of powers regarding tax laws

Article 106: Apportionment of tax revenue and yield of fiscal monopolies

Article 106a: Federal grants for local mass transit

Article 106b: Länder share of motor vehicle tax

Article 107: Distribution of tax revenue - Financial equalisation among the Länder -Supplementary grants

Article 108: Financial administration of the Federation and the Länder - Financial courts

Article 109: Budget management in the Federation and the Länder

Article 109a: Budgetary emergencies

Article 110: Federal budget

Article 111: Interim budget management

Article 112: Extrabudgetary expenditures

Article 113: Increase of expenditures

Article 114: Submission and auditing of accounts

Article 115: Limits of borrowing

Xa. State of Defence

Article 115a: Declaration of state of defence

Article 115b: Power of command of the Federal Chancellor

Article 115c: Extension of the legislative powers of the Federation

Article 115d: Urgent bills

Article 115e: Joint Committee

Article 115f: Use of Federal Border Police - Extended powers of instruction

Article 115g: Federal Constitutional Court

Article 115h: Expiry of electoral terms and terms of office

Article 115i: Powers of the Land governments

Article 115k: Rank and duration of emergency provisions

Article 115l: Repeal of emergency measures - Conclusion of peace

XI. Transitional and Concluding Provisions

Article 116: Definition of "German" - Restoration of citizenship

Article 117: Suspended entry into force of two basic rights

Article 118: New delimitation of Baden and Württemberg

Article 118a: New delimitation of Berlin and Brandenburg

Article 119: Refugees and expellees

Article 120: Occupation costs - Burdens resulting from the war

Article 120a: Equalisation of burdens

Article 121: Definition of "majority of the members"

Article 122: Date of transmission of legislative powers

Article 123: Continued applicability of pre-existing law

Article 124: Continued applicability of law within the scope of exclusive legislative power

Article 125: Continued applicability of law within the scope of concurrent legislative power

Article 125a: Continued applicability of federal law - Replacement by Land law

Article 125b: Continued applicability of framework laws - Deviation power of the Länder

Article 125c: Continued applicability of law within the scope of joint tasks

Article 126: Determination about continued applicability of law as federal law

Article 127: Extension of law to the French zone and to Berlin

Article 128: Continued authority to issue instructions

Article 129: Continued authority to issue legal acts

Article 130: Transfer of existing administrative institutions

Article 131: Persons formerly in the public service

Article 132: Retirement of civil servants

Article 133: Succession to the Administration of the Combined Economic Area

Article 134: Succession to Reich assets

Article 135: Assets in case of territorial changes between the Länder

Article 135a: Old debts

Article 136: First convening of the Bundesrat

Article 137: Right of state employees to stand for election

Article 138: South German notaries

Article 139: Continued applicability of denazification provisions

Article 140: Law of religious denominations

Article 141: "Bremen Clause"

Article 142: Reservation in favour of basic rights in Land constitutions

Article 143: Duration of deviations from the Basic Law

Article 143a: Exclusive legislative power concerning federal railways

Article 143b: Privatisation of the Deutsche Bundespost

Article 143c: Compensation for the cessation of joint tasks

Article 143d: Transitional provisions relating to consolidation assistance

Article 143e: Federal motorways, transformation of commissioned administration

Article 143f: Financial relations within the federal system of government

Article 143g: Continued applicability of Article 107

Article 144: Ratification of the Basic Law Berlin

Article 145: Entry into force of the Basic Law

Article 146: Duration of the Basic Law

Basic Law of Germany

Federation and the Lander

Joint Committee

Composition Rules of procedure

Federal President

Federal Government

Federal Legislation

Execution of Federal Laws

State of Defence

Transitional and Concluding Provisions

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