1. foreign affairs and defence, including protection of the civilian population;

2. citizenship in the Federation;

3. freedom of movement, passports, residency registration and identity cards, immigration, emigration and extra­dition;

4. currency, money and coinage, weights and measures, and the determination of standards of time;

5. the unity of the customs and trading area, treaties regarding commerce and navigation, the free movement of goods, and the exchange of goods and payments with foreign countries, including customs and border protection;

5a. safeguarding German cultural assets against removal from the country;

6. air transport; 6a. the operation of railways wholly or predominantly owned by the Federation (federal railways), the construction, maintenance and operation of railway lines belonging to federal railways and the levying of charges for the use of these lines;

7. postal and telecommunications services;

8. the legal relations of persons employed by the Federa­tion and by federal corporations under public law;

9. industrial property rights, copyrights and publishing; 9a. protection by the Federal Criminal Police Office against the dangers of international terrorism when a threat transcends the boundary of one Land, when responsibility is not clearly assignable to the police authorities of any particular Land or when the highest authority of an individual Land requests the assump­tion of federal responsibility;

10. cooperation between the Federation and the Länder concerning a) criminal police work, b) protection of the free democratic basic order, existence and security of the Federation or of a Land (protection of the constitution), and c) protection against activities within the federal territory which, by the use of force or preparations for the use of force, endanger the external interests of the Federal Republic of Germany, as well as the establishment of a Federal Criminal Police Office and international action to combat crime;

11. statistics for federal purposes;

12. the law on weapons and explosives;

13. benefits for persons disabled by war and for depend­ents of deceased war victims as well as assistance to former prisoners of war;

14. the production and utilisation of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, the construction and operation of facilities serving such purposes, protection against hazards arising from the release of nuclear energy or from ionising radiation, and the disposal of radioactive substances.