Language of the Union
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Language of the Union
- Constitution of India
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Chapter I - Language of the Union
Article
343 Official language of the Union
(1) The official
language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script.
The
form of numerals to be used for the official purposes of the Union
shall be the international form of Indian numerals.
(2)
Notwithstanding anything in clause (1), for a period of fifteen years
from the commencement of this Constitution, the English language
shall continue to be used for all the official purposes of the Union
for which it was being used immediately before such
commencement:
Provided that the President may, during the said
period, by order authorise the use of the Hindi language in addition
to the English language and of the Devanagari form of numerals in
addition to the international form of Indian numerals for any of
the
official purposes of the Union.
(3) Notwithstanding anything in
this article, Parliament may by law provide for the use, after the
said period of fifteen years, of -
(a) the English language,
or
(b) the Devanagari form of numerals, for such purposes as may
be specified in the law.
Article
344 Commission and Committee of Parliament on official language
(1)
The President shall, at the expiration of five years from the
commencement of this Constitution and thereafter at the expiration of
ten years from such commencement, by order constitute a Commission
which shall consist of a Chairman and such other members representing
the different languages specified in the Eighth Schedule as the
President may appoint, and the order shall define the procedure to be
followed by the Commission.
(2) It shall be the duty of the
Commission to make recommendations to the President as to -
(a)
the progressive use of the Hindi language for the official purposes
of the Union;
(b) restrictions on the use of the English
language for all or any of the official purposes of the Union;
(c)
the language to be used for all or any of the purposes mentioned in
article 348;
(d) the form of numerals to be used for any one or
more specified purposes of the Union;
(e) any other matter
referred to the Commission by the President as regards the official
language of the Union and the language for communication between the
Union and a State or between one State and another and their use.
(3)
In making their recommendations under clause (2), the Commission
shall have due regard to the industrial, cultural and scientific
advancement of India, and the just claims and the interests of
persons belonging to the non-Hindi speaking areas in regard to the
public services.
(4) There shall be constituted a Committee
consisting of thirty members, of whom twenty shall be members of the
House of the People and ten shall be members of the Council of States
to be elected respectively by the members of the House of the People
and the members of the Council of States in accordance with the
system of proportional representation by means of the single
transferable vote.
(5) It shall be the duty of the Committee to
examine the recommendations of the Commission constituted under
clause (1) and to report to the President their opinion thereon.
(6)
Notwithstanding anything in article 343, the President may, after
consideration of the report referred to in clause (5), issue
directions in accordance with the whole or any part of that report.
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Constitution of India
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Preamble
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Union and its Territory
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Citizenship
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Fundamental Rights
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General Fundamental Rights
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Right to Equality
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Right to Freedom
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Right against Exploitation
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Right to Freedom of Religion
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Cultural and Educational Rights
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Saving of Certain Laws
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Right to Constitutional Remedies
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Directive Principles Of State Policy
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Fundamental Duties
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Union
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Executive
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President and Vice President
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Council of Ministers
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Attorney General for India
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Conduct of Government Business
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Parliament
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General Parliament
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Officers of Parliament
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Conduct of Business
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Disqualifications of Members
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Parliament and its Members
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Legislative Procedure
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Procedure in Financial Matters
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Procedure Generally
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Legislative Powers of the President
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Union Judiciary
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Comptroller and Auditor General of India
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General The States
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Governor
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Advocate General for the State
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State Legislature
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General State Legislature
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Officers of the State Legislature
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Powers Privileges and Immunities
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Legislative Power of The Governor
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High Courts in the States
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Subordinate Courts
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States in Part B of the First Schedule
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Union Territories
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Panchayats
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Municipalities
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Scheduled and Tribal Areas
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Relations Between The Union and the States
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Legislative Relations
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Administrative Relations
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General Administrative Relations
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Disputes relating to Waters
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Co ordination between States
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Finance Property Contracts and Suits
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Finance
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General Finance
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Distribution of Revenues
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Miscellaneous Financial Provisions
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Borrowing
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Property Contracts Rights and Suits
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Right to Property
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Trade Commerce and Intercourse Within the Territory
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Services Under the Union and the States
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Services
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Public Service Commissions
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Tribunals
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Elections
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Special Provisions Relating to Certain Classes
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Official Language
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Language of the Union
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Regional Languages
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Language of the Supreme Court
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Special Directives
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Emergency Provisions
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Miscellaneous
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Amendment of the Constitution
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Temporary Transitional and Special Provisions
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Short Title Commencement Authoritative
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First Schedule
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Second Schedule
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Second Schedule Part A
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Second Schedule Part B
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Second Schedule Part C
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Second Schedule Part D
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Second Schedule Part E
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Third Schedule
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Fourth Schedule
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Fifth Schedule
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Fifth Schedule Part A
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Fifth Schedule Part B
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Fifth Schedule Part C
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Fifth Schedule Part D
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Sixth Schedule
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Seventh Schedule
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Eighth Schedule
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Ninth Schedule
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Tenth Schedule
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Eleventh Schedule
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Twelfth Schedule
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Appendix I
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Appendix II
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