Basic Human Rights and Liberties

Basic Human Rights and Liberties

Basic Human Rights and Liberties

Basic Human Rights and Liberties

- Constitution of Slovakia

Part Two - Basic Human Rights and Liberties

Article 14
Everyone is worthy of having rights.
Article 15
(1) Everyone has the right to life. Human life is worthy of protection even prior to birth.
(2) No one must be deprived of life.
(3) Capital punishment is not permitted.
(4) If someone was deprived of life as a result of an action that does not represent a criminal act, this does not constitute a violation of rights according to this article.
Article 16
(1) The inviolability of the person and its privacy is guaranteed. It can be limited only in cases defined by law.
(2) No one must be tortured or subjected to cruel, inhuman, or humiliating treatment or punishment.
Article 17
(1) Personal freedom is guaranteed.
(2) No one must be prosecuted or deprived of freedom other than for reasons and in a manner defined by law. No one must be deprived of freedom solely because of his inability to comply with a contractual obligation.
(3) A person accused or suspected of a criminal act can be detained only in cases defined by law. The detained person must be immediately informed of the reasons for the detainment, interrogated, and either released or brought before the court within 24 hours at the latest. The judge must question the detainee within 24 hours of taking over the case and decide on his or her custody or release.
(4) An accused person may be arrested only on the basis of a written, substantiated court warrant. The arrested person must be brought before the court within 24 hours. The judge must question the arrested person within 24 hours of taking over the case and decide on his or her custody or release.
(5) A person can be taken into custody only for reasons and for a period defined by law and on the basis of a court ruling.
(6) The law will specify in which cases a person can be admitted to, or kept in, institutional health care without his or her consent. Such a measure must be reported within 24 hours to the court, which will then decide on this placement within five days.
(7) The mental state of a person accused of criminal activity can be examined only on the basis of the court's written order.
Article 18
(1) No one must be subjected to forced labor or services.
(2) The provision of section 1 does not apply to
a) work assigned according to the law to persons serving a prison term or some other punishment substituting for a prison term,
b) military service or some other service assigned by law in lieu of compulsory military service,
c) services required on the basis of the law in the event of natural catastrophes, accidents, or other dangers posing a threat to life, health, or property of great value,
d) activities laid down by law to protect life, health, or the rights of others.
Article 19
(1) Everyone has the right to the preservation of his human dignity and personal honor, and the protection of his good name.
(2) Everyone has the right to protection against unwarranted interference in his private and family life.
(3) Everyone has the right to protection against the unwarranted collection, publication, or other illicit use of his personal data.
Article 20
(1) Everyone has the right to own property. The ownership right of all owners has the same legal content and deserves the same protection. Inheritance of property is guaranteed.
(2) The law will specify which property other than property listed in
Article 4 that is essential to meet the needs of society, the development of the national economy, and public interest can be owned only by the state, community, or designated juridical persons. The law can also specify that certain property can be owned only by citizens or juridical persons resident in the Slovak Republic.
(3) Ownership is binding. It must not be misused to the detriment of others or at variance with general interests protected by law. By exercising ownership, no harm must be done to human health, nature, cultural monuments, and the environment beyond limits set by law.
(4) Expropriation or enforced restriction of the ownership right is admissible only to the extent that it is unavoidable and in the public interest, on the basis of law, and in return for adequate compensation.
Article 21
(1) A person's home is inviolable. It must not be entered without the resident's consent.
(2) A house search is admissible only in connection with criminal proceedings and only on the basis of the judge's written and substantiated order. The method of carrying out a house search will be set out in a law.
(3) Other infringements upon the inviolability of one's home can be permitted by law only if this is inevitable in a democratic society in order to protect people's lives, health, or property, to protect the rights and liberties of others, or to ward off a serious threat to public order. If the home is used also for business or to perform some other economic activity, such infringements can be permitted by law also when this is unavoidable in meeting the tasks of public administration.
Article 22
(1) The privacy of correspondence and secrecy of mailed messages and other written documents and the protection of personal data are guaranteed.
(2) No one must violate the privacy of correspondence and the secrecy of other written documents and records, whether they are kept in privacy or sent by mail or in another way, with the exception of cases to be set out in a law. Equally guaranteed is the secrecy of messages conveyed by telephone, telegraph, or other similar means.
Article 23
(1) Freedom of movement and of abode are guaranteed.
(2) Everyone who is rightfully staying on the territory of the Slovak Republic has the right to freely leave this territory.
(3) Freedoms according to sections 1 and 2 can be restricted by law if it is unavoidable for the security of the state, to maintain public order, protect the health and the rights and liberties of others, and, in designated areas, also for reasons of environmental protection.
(4) Every citizen has the right to freely enter the territory of the Slovak Republic. A citizen must not be forced to leave his homeland and he must not be deported or extradited.
(5) A foreign national can be deported only in cases specified by law.
Article 24
(1) The freedoms of thought, conscience, religion, and faith are guaranteed. This right also comprises the possibility to change one's religious belief or faith. Everyone has the right to be without religious belief. Everyone has the right to publicly express his opinion.
(2) Everyone has the right to freely express his religion or faith on his own or together with others, privately or publicly, by means of divine and religious services, by observing religious rites, or by participating in the teaching of religion.
(3) Churches and religious communities administer their own affairs. In particular, they constitute their own bodies, inaugurate their clergymen, organize the teaching of religion, and establish religious orders and other church institutions independently of state bodies.
(4) Conditions for exercising rights according to sections 1 to 3 can be limited only by law, if such a measure is unavoidable in a democratic society to protect public order, health, morality, or the rights and liberties of others.
Article 25
(1) The defense of the Slovak Republic is a matter of honor for each citizen.
(2) No one must be forced to perform military service if this runs counter to his conscience or religious belief. The details will be specified in a law.

Constitution of Slovakia

Preamble
Basic Provisions
Basic Rights and Freedoms
General Provisions
Basic Human Rights and Liberties
Political Rights
Rights of National Minorities and Ethnic Groups
Economic Social and Cultural Rights
Protection of the Environment and the Cultural Heritage
Protection by the Court
Common Provisions for Chapters One and Two
Economy of the Slovak Republic
Supreme Control Office
Territorial Self Administration
Legislative Power
National Council of the Slovak Republic
Referendum
Executive Power
President of the Slovak Republic
Government of the Slovak Republic
Judicial Power
Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic
Courts of the Slovak Republic
Prosecutor Office of the Slovak Republic
Transitional and Final Provisions
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