Legislative powers of the Parliament
51. The Parliament shall, subject to this Constitution, have power to make
laws for the peace, order, and good government of the Commonwealth with respect
to:-
(i.) Trade and commerce with other countries, and among the States:
(ii.) Taxation; but so as not to discriminate between States or parts of
States:
(iii.) Bounties on the production or export of goods, but so that such
bounties shall be uniform throughout the Commonwealth:
(iv.) Borrowing money on the public credit of the Commonwealth:
(v.) Postal, telegraphic, telephonic, and other like services:
(vi.) The naval and military defence of the Commonwealth and of the
several States, and the control of the forces to execute and
maintain the laws of the Commonwealth.
(vii.) Lighthouses, lightships, beacons and buoys:
(viii.) Astronomical and metereological observations:
(ix.) Quarantine:
(x.) Fisheries in Australian waters beyond territorial limits:
(xi.) Census and statistics:
(xii.) Currency, coinage, and legal tender:
(xiii.) Banking, other than State banking; also State banking extending
beyond the limits of the State concerned, the incorporation of
banks, and the issue of paper money:
(xiv.) Insurance, other than State insurance; also State insurance
extending beyond the limits of the State concerned:
(xv.) Weights and measures:
(xvi.) Bills of exchanging and promissory notes:
(xvii.) Bankruptcy and insolvency:
(xviii.) Copyrights, patents of inventions and designs, and trade marks:
(xix.) Naturalization and aliens:
(xx.) Foreign corporations, and trading or financial corporations formed
within the limits of the Commonwealth:
(xxi.) Marriage:
(xxii.) Divorce and matrimonial causes; and in relation thereto, parental
rights, and the custody and guardianship of infants:
(xxiii.) Invalid and old-age pensions:
(xxiiiA.) The provision of maternity allowances, widows' pensions, child
endowment, unemployment, pharmaceutical, sickness and hospital
benefits, medical and dental services (but not so as to authorize
any form of civil conscription), benefits to students and family
allowances:
(xxiv.) The service and execution throughout the Commonwealth of the civil
and criminal process and the judgements of the courts of the
States:
(xxv.) The recognition throughout the Commonwealth of the laws, the
public Acts and records, and the judicial proceedings of the
States:
(xxvi.) The people of any race, for whom it is deemed necessary to make
special laws:
(xxvii.) Immigration and emigration:
(xxviii.) The influx of criminals:
(xxix.) External Affairs:
(xxx.) The relations of the Commonwealth with the islands of the Pacific:
(xxxi.) The acquisition of property on just terms from any State or person
for any purpose in respect of which the Parliament has power to
make laws:
(xxxii.) The control of railways with respect to transport for the naval and
military purposes of the Commonwealth:
(xxxiii.) The acquisition, with the consent of a State, of any railways of
the State on terms arranged between the Commonwealth and the State:
(xxxiv.) Railway construction and extension in any State with the consent of
that State:
(xxxv.) Conciliation and arbitration for the prevention and settlement of
industrial disputes extending beyond the limits of any one State:
(xxxvi.) Matters in respect of which this Constitution makes provision until
the Parliament otherwise provides:
(xxxvii.) Matters referred to the Parliament of the Commonwealth by the
Parliament or Parliaments of any State or States, but so that the
law shall extend only to States by whose Parliaments the matter is
referred, or which afterwards adopt the law:
(xxxviii.) The exercise within the Commonwealth, at the request or with the
concurrence of the Parliaments of all the States directly
concerned, of any power which can at the establishment of this
Constitution be exercised only by the Parliament of the United
Kingdom or by the Federal Council of Australasia:
(xxxix.) Matters incidental to the execution of any power vested by this
Constitution in the Parliament or in either House thereof, or in
the Government of the Commonwealth, or in the Federal Judicature,
or in any department or officer of the Commonwealth.
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